Some beginnings:
Croquis = thumbnail sketch, quick thoughts, gestures, etc.
Esquisse = sketch, oil usually, rapid, loose but complete idea.
Étude = study, highly finished drawings of parts, can be whole figure as part of a planned painting.
Academie = highly finished drawing of the male nude traditionally. Sometimes with narrative or allegorical overtones.
Mise en page = placement of figure, composition.
Mise en trait = outline, blocking in of figure, cast.
Bozzetti = sketches, often for clay as in Berninni's bozzetti (bozzetto) in the Fogg Museum, Harvard.
Mi-corps = painting of half a figure.